10 types of abuse in nursing homes

Nursing home abuse can take a number of forms, and that will be the focus of this article. More apparent signs are fractured skulls, bruises, welts, lacerations, or broken bones. (v) Knowledge gaps were related to a theoretical understanding of neglect and to staff education concerning sexual abuse [39, 45]. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946560902779910. PHelan A. Raw data per study. Psychological abuse behavior exhibited by caregivers in the care of the elderly and correlated factors in long-term care facilities in Taiwan. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. PRISMA 2020 flow diagram on the literature retrieval and selection process. 2005;8:1932. Your Guide to Understanding 6 Types of Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes Children, adults, and older people can experience different types of abuse. Elder abuse is all-too-common in nursing homes and assisted care facilities. Article Abuse is often associated with negative feelings [40, 41, 43, 45, 55, 56, 70]. In one study [54], job autonomy was statistically significantly associated with abuse. However, we did not perform citation tracking to identify additional studies. 2007;8:6106. Two of them additionally used regression analysis [68, 69]. The programme addressed aging-associated problems related to managing residents health problems, institutional elder abuse, factors associated with caregivers abusive behaviour, relaxation and stress management, dealing with a stressful caregiving context, and obtaining personal resources. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2005.12.006. As a personal injury law firm with a history of fighting against mental abuse in nursing homes, we believe we can protect your loved one from further harm. The imbalance between excessive demands and coping resources may increase the risk of abuse. Elder abuse and dementia: a review of the research and health policy. Emotional Abuse According to data from the NCEA, emotional abuse is by far the most common type of abuse in the nursing home setting. Article The prevalence rates of abuse varied widely, ranging from 0 to 93% depending on the type of abuse. One of them used a structured questionnaire and a document analysis [9], the other one unstructured interviews and a document analysis [75]. Google Scholar. Part of Staff members are in a position of power and control over mainly vulnerable and dependent persons a fact contributing to the occurrence of abuse [3]. INT NURS REV. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-008-9122-6. One reviewer extracted data, thereby using full study reports. Elder Abuse. Our search yielded 3876 references identified via databases and 246 references via supplementary search methods. Furthermore, nurses feel stressed and report not having completed at least one task in the last service due to scarcity of resources and abundance of services to be provided [15, 16]. Sexual abuse could foster uncertainties of staff related to supporting residents with personal and intimate care. None of the studies mentioned staff-related characteristics. Rethlefsen ML, Kirtley S, Waffenschmidt S, Ayala AP, Moher D, Page MJ, Koffel JB. It can be easy to recognize nursing home abuse when cuts, bumps or bruises are present. Institution-related associated factors were reported in eleven of the 28 studies (39.3%) (Table 2; details on every study are available in supplementary material S2). Myhre J, Malmedal WK, Saga S, Ostaszkiewicz J, Nakrem S. Nursing home leaders perception of factors influencing the reporting of elder abuse and neglect: a qualitative study. Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Atlanta, Georgia: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016. Five of the interview-based studies used semi-structured interviews [39, 40, 53, 70, 78] and three studies relied on focus group interviews [41, 45, 56]. Trauma Violence Abuse. JH and LA were responsible for writing drafts of the manuscript. Changes in behavior, especially if a specific person is around. Each session started with a 30-min lecture on the topic, followed by 40min of informal exchange and mutual support among group members. J Clin Epidemiol. Associated factors were evaluated inconsistently. Lachs MS, Pillemer KA. In nursing homes, staff members are only supposed to use restraints . Cookies policy. Hirt, J., Adlbrecht, L., Heinrich, S. et al. 2014;16:13351. Nursing staff members are in the unique position to identify elder abuse in nursing homes. Staff members emotional strain and burnout were associated with several types of abuse [35, 52, 75]. Eur J Public Health. Interventions should aim at developing an organisational culture reflected in communication and behaviour that reduces the overall potential for abuse [79]. The seven types of abuse in nursing homes are: 1. 7 Types of Abuse in Nursing Homes - Studinski Law GERONTOLOGIST. The remaining studies took place in Israel (n=4, 8.7%) [34, 35, 39, 68, 69], Canada (n=3, 6.5%) [40, 70, 71], Taiwan (n=3, 6.5%) [72,73,74], Czech Republic (n=2, 4.3%) [75, 76], France (n=2, 4.3%) [51, 57], and Switzerland (n=1, 2.2%; this study addressed two of our review questions) [9, 50]. For data collection, twenty-three out of 28 studies (82.1%) used a structured questionnaire [13, 34,35,36,37,38, 42, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 57, 59,60,61,62,63, 66, 71,72,73, 76, 77]. All authors substantially revised it critically for important intellectual content and finally approved it. 2006;8:3349. J NURS SCHOLARSH. 2020;34:65571. J ELDER ABUSE NEGL. JAMDA. Two out of three stated that they would report abuse depending on its severity [41, 45, 56, 65]. We searched controlled vocabulary in the corresponding search fields as well as in the title and abstract field. Psychological abuse is considered the most common type of staff-to-resident abuse and also the most common type of elder abuse in other settings [84]. Database-specific controlled vocabulary complemented our search terms. We did not request any additional data from the authors. This refers to team relationships, work experience and workload [34, 50, 51, 76]. We identified 28 studies to answer our first review question on the types, prevalence, and associated factors of staff-to-resident abuse [9, 13, 34,35,36,37,38, 42, 44, 48,49,50,51,52, 54, 57,58,59,60,61,62,63, 66, 71,72,73, 75,76,77]. 2005;13:27180. A secondary data analysis of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. One study each (2.2%) was conducted in Germany [77], Korea [54], Portugal [44], Slovenia [37], Sweden [78], and Uruguay [43]. The prevalence of staff-to-resident abuse reported by nursing home residents and/or by others was reported in nine out of 28 studies (32.1%) (Table 1; details on every study are available in supplementary material S2). No matter the form it takes, abuse in nursing homes involves the deliberate, intentional act that a perpetrator commits against a victim. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2004.12.003. 2011;18:6478. Buzgov R, Ivanov K. Elder abuse and mistreatment in residential settings. Nursing home sexual abuse is also included in this category. The high prevalence should receive special attention since the residents are highly vulnerable individuals who are dependent on staff. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733008097996. Concerning the four qualitative studies, our analysis yielded four themes on preventive strategies with regard to staff-to-resident abuse: (i) Image of nursing, (ii) Organisational management, (iii) Organisational culture, and (iv) Skills and competencies. Seek a medical examination. 2001;13:126. 8 Types Nursing Home Abuse & What You Can Do About It 2015;2015: 716407. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/716407. This inductive approach facilitated the generation of themes directly from the extracted data [33]. One study (7.1%) used a multi-methods approach combining interviews (not specified) and observations [43]. Elder Abuse N ENGL J MED. 2016;5:210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4. It is a matter of concern that physical abuse is the second most common type of abuse in non-community settings. Healthcare. Ridiculing a resident with dementia should result in advice and guidance of staff. 2012;44:5562. Inadequate care in Norwegian nursing homes-as reported by nursing staff. Kiljunen O, Vlimki T, Kankkunen P, Partanen P. Competence for older people nursing in care and nursing homes: An integrative review. According to the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA), there are 5 types of abuse in a nursing home that are most commonly reported: physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and financial abuse. 2015;2015: 902515. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/902515. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850. Google Scholar. Methods We performed a scoping review following the framework provided by Arksey and O'Malley. Their ability to defend themselves is limited due to cognitive and physical impairments [77, 85]. Studies indicate that about 50% of dementia patients experience nursing home abuse. Overall, the 47 study reports were published between 2000 and 2021, half of them since 2012 [9, 13, 36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57]. According to the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA), about 1 in 10 people aged 60 and older suffer abuse, neglect, or exploitation. J ELDER ABUSE NEGL. 2017;19:13045. Furthermore, associated factors have an effect on the increasing potential of abuse and may result from minor changes in the institutional system [88]. Secondly, the studies included different groups of people whose perceptions of abuse may vary. Fang B, Yan E. Abuse of Older Persons With Dementia: A Review of the Literature. https://doi.org/10.7748/nm2010.12.17.8.20.c8143. All except one study (96.4%) used a retrospective reference time frame. Most of the 46 studies were conducted in the USA (n=9, 19.6%) [36, 38, 58,59,60,61,62,63,64], Norway (n=8, 17.4%) [13, 42, 45, 46, 55, 56, 65, 66], and the UK (n=7, 15.2%) [41, 47,48,49, 52, 53, 67]. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2011.534708. PubMed Supplementary Material S1. Raising awareness and elaborating evidence-based guidance should have high priority in health care and research. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01438.x. Abuse can happen in many places, including the older person's home, a family member's house, an assisted living facility, or a nursing home. Cohen M, Shinan-Altman S, Cohen M, Shinan-Altman S. A cross-cultural study of nursing aides attitudes to elder abuse in nursing homes. Staff-to-resident abuse is of particular interest since institutions should protect residents' rights and prevent harm. Trauma Violence Abuse. The heterogeneity of data collection entailed widely varying results. 2017;40:4554. Two of them investigated psychological abuse [72, 73], one study focussed on financial abuse [61], and one study on neglect [62]. Blumenfeld Arens O, Fierz K, Zuniga F. Elder abuse in nursing homes: Do special care units make a difference? Types of abuse: Safeguarding adults | SCIE Two reviewers independently selected studies. Furthermore, institutional regulations and resource planning strategies can be abusive as such if they affect residents self-determination in everyday activities [18]. J ADULT PROTECT. Z Gerontol Geriat 2021. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-021-01945-0. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518803606. 2019;20:197213. Figueredo Borda N, Yarnoz AZ. Types of Abuse in Nursing Homes | Chicago Nursing Home Abuse - Curcio Law Five themes resulted from our analysis: (i) Viewpoints on abuse, (ii) Tolerating abusive behaviours, (iii) Consequences and punishment, (iv) Reporting of abuse, and (v) Knowledge gaps. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAP-03-2017-0008. Bugov R, Ivanov K. Violation of ethical principles in institutional care for older people. One reviewer extracted results on descriptions, experiences, and preventive interventions (second and third review question). Lindbloom EJ, Brandt J, Hough LD, Meadows SE. Iversen MH, Kilvik A, Malmedal W. Sexual Abuse of Older Residents in Nursing Homes: A Focus Group Interview of Nursing Home Staff. Knopp-Sihota JA, Niehaus L, Squires JE, Norton PG, Estabrooks CA. J ELDER ABUSE NEGL. Additional information comprised the type of association (i.e., whether an associated factor of staff-to-resident abuse resulted from quantitative studies with statistically significant results [p<0.05 or 0.01]), from quantitative studieswith statistically insignificant results (i.e., statistical significance was not available/applicable), or from qualitative studies. Literature reviews have been conducted for subgroups (e.g., residents with dementia) [11, 21] or specific types of abuse (e.g., sexual abuse) [22]. Botngrd A, Eide AH, Mosqueda L, Malmedal W. Elder abuse in Norwegian nursing homes: a cross-sectional exploratory study. The state of the current research comprises primarily cross-sectional studies, few secondary data analyses and qualitative studies, and only one quasi-experimental study addressing the prevention of staff-to-resident abuse. 2019;29:5867. For example, yelling as a form of psychological abuse is determined by multiple factors and differs according to context and person [12]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2016.12.016. We depicted the literature retrieval and selection process by means of the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram and PRISMA-S [27, 28]. Overall, 1,250 participants were included (median 29, IQR 13 to 42, range 1 to 616) from 284 nursing homes (data available for eleven out of 14 studies; median 18, IQR 11 to 20, range 4 to 142). (iii) Organisational culture focussed the encouragement of an open, supportive, reflective, and cooperative team culture facilitating to learn from each other (e.g., by fostering open-mindedness in discussing ethical dilemmas) (Q3, S. 1: 302) [46, 47, 50, 64]. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. In the nursing home setting, physical abuse includes the intentional infliction of physical harm on a resident, including slapping, punching, kicking, and use of excessive restraint (e.g., straps or chains). Future research can build on existing knowledge and initiatives on the community level, thereby focusing on the specifics of the nurse-resident-dyad [89]. A strength of our procedure is the screening of studies performed by two researchers independently in order to minimize the risk of missing eligible studies. Since this is a scoping review, we did not assess the quality of the studies. The findings also indicate the imbalance of power between residents not being able to draw attention on their experience of abuse, and staff members probably not reporting abuse in order to protect themselves or their colleagues. Document and report the results of the investigation completely. 2009;21:36078. Springer Nature. Therefore, effective interventions aiming to prevent abuse in nursing homes are needed. But issues like overprescription and emotional abuse are harder to identify. To answer our first review question on prevalence and associated factors of staff-to-resident abuse, we clustered types of abuse using the classification provided above: psychological (including emotional, mental, and verbal abuse), physical, sexual, financial (including material abuse fraud and theft), or other abuse (including care mistreatment/maltreatment, rights violation, discriminatory abuse, medication abuse, e.g., delayed or denied access to medications, and neglect [including mental and physical neglect]) [2]. INT PSYCHOGERIATR. J ELDER ABUSE NEGL. INT PSYCHOGERIATR. Our presentation of the results does therefore not consider study quality. Physical, sexual, and financial abuse are considered as most serious types of abuse. Harris DK, Benson ML. J ELDER ABUSE NEGL. Nursing Home Abuse & Neglect: Everything You Need to Know Hyde P, Burns D, Killett A, Kenkmann A, Pol, Fiona, GRAY R. Organisational aspects of elder mistreatment in long term care. Following recent guidance to minimise the risk of missing relevant studies, two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts against eligibility criteria [31]. For residents with cognitive impairment, reporting abuse is particularly difficult [81, 82]. Furthermore, it indicates a need for change in culture and conditions such as the establishment of a safe reporting culture and critical case reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;11: e056353. (iv) Reporting abuse was associated with a potential for improvement. 2010;57:11320. BMC HEALTH SERV RES. Grgen T, Beaulieu M. Critical concepts in elder abuse research. Residents are dependent on nursing staff and, therefore, might be afraid of reporting abuse. However, prevalence data of the included studies show also substantial commonalities. Further research should investigate the composition and content of preventive interventions and their potential to reduce abusive behaviours. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2011.608056. 1). 2018;30:36884. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016650185. Any unwanted or non-consensual sexual contact between an elder adult and anyone else such as nursing home staff or other residents . Sandvide , Fahlgren S, Norberg A, Saveman B-I. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12887. Elder mistreatment in the nursing home: a systematic review. Family members reports of abuse in Michigan nursing homes. 2011;23:121321. Finally, we included 46 studies reported in 47 references (one study was published in two separate reports) [34, 35] (Fig. Study selection was mainly performed by JH, LA, and SH. Global Prevalence of Elder Abuse: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression. Those with mental impairments are particularly vulnerable to abuse. PubMed However, the results show factors influencing abuse at the staff, resident, and nursing home levels. Int Psychogeriatr. The misuse of physical restraints. We may also be able to recover compensation for their suffering. Interventions should be targeted at the individual and institutional level. Physical neglect. Attitudes held by Norwegian nursing home staff on reporting inadequate care carried out by colleagues. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510362880. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Three studies (10.7%) did not report details on sampling [49, 52, 59]. These are amongst other staff education, organisational culture, and conditions. 2020;32:40933. Resident-related associated factors of staff-to-resident abuse were reported in twelve out of 28 studies (42.9%) (Table 2; details on every study are available in supplementary material S2). For example, willful ignoring is classified as neglect or physical or psychological abuse, depending on the study, which can lead to overlaps in prevalence surveys [79]. Some reviews have been published years ago [23, 24] and, therefore, do not consider recent studies investigating staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes. We did not register the review. Analysis and interpretation were performed by JH and LA. See supplementary material S2 for the raw data set. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2018.1514343. Conner T, Prokhorov A, Page C, Yu Fang, Yimin Xiao, Post LA. Associated factors contribute to residents vulnerability, thereby influencing their risk of being abused and their capacity to cope with abusive incidents [87]. J ADULT PROTECT. Institutional abuse - Characteristics of victims, perpetrators and organsations. The broad and comprehensive search strategy in databases, supplemented by a free web-search, yielded an extensive corpus of relevant international studies. 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/elder-abuse. Other participants expressed fear to report abuse. Your US state privacy rights, Statistical analysis of Slovenian data. Due to this, we cannot answer our research questions unequivocally. Ho CS, Wong SY, Chiu MM, Ho RC. 2009;21:23952. Andela M, Truchot D, Huguenotte V. Work Environment and Elderly Abuse in Nursing Homes: The Mediating Role of Burnout. Ben Natan M, Lowenstein A, Eisikovits Z. Psycho-social factors affecting elders maltreatment in long-term care facilities. Although our review does not provide conclusive results on all associated factors, we advocate for a comprehensive assessment of each context or situation. Parties involved in abuse in nursing homes are residents, relatives, and staff members [5]. Dong X, Chen R, Simon MA. By Kornfeld Law Share Right now, there are more than 1.4 million seniors living in nursing homes not a completely startling statistic. Correspondence to (iii) Consequences and punishment referred to abuse as unacceptable practice requiring sanctions. JH conducted the search. Interviews (of various types) were the most frequent method of data collection (n=4, 80.0%) [46, 47, 50, 64]. One study each (3.6%) was based on structured interviews [50], document analysis [44], or did not report details on data collection methods [58]. As many as 5 million elders are abused each year. Blumenfeld Arens O, Fierz K, Ziga F. Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes: Do Special Care Units Make a Difference? Interviews (of different types) were the most common data collection method (n=11, 71.4%). 2020;8:224. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030224. Jogerst GJ, Daly JM, Dawson JD, Peek-Asa C, Schmuch G. Iowa nursing home characteristics associated with reported abuse. BMJ Open. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2012.751838. PubMed Our scoping review provides an overview of staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes with regard to types of abuse, prevalence, associated factors, lived experience, and preventive interventions. Based on the results of a nursing study cohort, the majority of participants stated that it is best to deal with abuse internally. Only few studies investigate preventive interventions. To answer our second review question on the description and experience of staff-to-resident abuse, we identified 14 studies [39,40,41, 43, 45, 53, 55, 56, 65, 67,68,69,70, 78]. https://doi.org/10.1300/J084v15n0103. One study (3.6%) [44] reported sociodemographic and health-related abused residents. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2009.00771.x. To structure our study report, we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) [26]. We thank Annina Cadruvi (student research assistant at the Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences) for supporting us with the full text screening. Sexual abuse of older nursing home residents: a literature review. However, we also found many contradictory results in the included studies. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216002027. J Crim Justice. To provide an up-to date comprehensive overview of staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes, we performed a scoping review considering types of abuse, their prevalence and associated factors, descriptions, experiences, and preventive interventions. PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA Statement for Reporting Literature Searches in Systematic Reviews. Sadly, nursing home abuse is even more common. Neglect of older adults in Michigan nursing homes. In most of the studies, abuse was not specified (n=10, 71.4%) [40, 41, 43, 53, 65, 67,68,69,70, 78]. One that is startling is that about one in 10 elders above the age of 65 suffers from at least one type of nursing home abuse. 2009;23:23142. Mostly, nurses and nursing aides participated, followed by nursing home managers. Let Ben Crump Law, PLLC Help You Today. Frazo SL, Correia AM, Norton P, Magalhes T. Physical abuse against elderly persons in institutional settings. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193399. Few participants did not feel brave enough to report abuse. However, existing knowledge provides guidance for relevant intervention components to prevent staff-to-resident abuse in nursing homes. The 7 Types of Nursing Home Abuse - Kornfeld Law A focus group study of nursing home leaders perceptions of elder abuse and neglect. Regarding the main results of qualitative studies to answer this research question, we summarized preventive interventions addressing staff-to-resident abuse and extracted quotes. According to the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA), psychological and physical abuse are the most reported types of abuse. Possible reasons are different data collection methods but also the phenomenon as such. On the staff level, we also identified inconsistent results in studies addressing the influence of job-related characteristics of abusive behavior. https://doi.org/10.1159/000450787. BMC HEALTH SERV RES. 2009;21:10514. To answer our third review question on preventive interventions, we identified five studies [36, 39, 45,46,47, 50, 64, 74]. 2010;23:5874. Google Scholar. Therefore, a cautious interpretation of the results is required [79]. Privacy Dictionary.com. (ii) Tolerating abusive behaviours was predicted by role conflicts, staff burnout, work stressors, and being married [68, 69]. Nursing Home Abuse - Common Signs, Types, & More Disagreements were discussed between the two reviewers until consensus was reached. However, only one researcher analyzed and synthesized data. Emotional, Psychological, and Verbal Abuse. The risk of staff-to-resident abuse is a multifactorial problem influenced by resident-related, staff-related and organization-related characteristics [7,8,9]. Staff-to-resident abuse is of particular interest since institutions should protect residents rights and prevent harm [6]. Staff-to-resident abuse is a multifactorial problem [35, 76, 86] determined by characteristics of the institution and the individuals involved (residents, staff members). https://doi.org/10.1159/000450787. Fourthly, reporting abuse may be subject to recall bias by staff members (especially when reporting about observed abuse). The intervention study used a before-after design [74]. In one study, researchers used a structured interview [67]. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610213000501. https://doi.org/10.1108/14668203200600005. [Violent behavior of staff towards nursing home residents: A systematic review of instruments to measure prevalence]. J ADULT PROTECT. According to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) data, in July 2022, approximately 1.2 million people resided in more than 15,000 certified nursing homes.*. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAP-01-2017-0001. The changed perception of accountability may also change the reporting behaviour since staff members tend to find it easier to report behaviours that they do not consider to be their personal misconduct [80]. Factors associated with rushed and missed resident care in western Canadian nursing homes: a cross-sectional survey of health care aides. Improving the image of the nursing profession proved to be important to prevent abuse [50]. Kamavarapu YS, Ferriter M, Morton S, Vllm B. Defining Resident Abuse within the Culture of Long-Term Care Institutions. Pillemer K. Maltreatment of patients in nursing homes: overview and research agenda.
Used Manufactured Homes For Sale To Move, Real-time Find And Replace Pro Nulled, What Are 10 Interesting Facts About Iceland?, When Is Pmt Moving To Chicago, Articles OTHER